Validity and Reliability of a Test Introduction An important part of social science research is the quantification of human behavior that is, using measurement instruments to observe human behavior. The measurement of human behavior belongs to the widely accepted positivist view, or empirical-analytic approach, to discern reality. Because most behavioral research takes place within this paradigm, measurement instruments must be valid and reliable. Reliability Reliability is the extent to which measurements are repeatable –when different persons perform the measurements, on different occasions, under different conditions, with supposedly alternative instruments which measure the same thing. In sum, reliability is consistency of measurement (Bollen, 1989), or stability of measurement over a variety of conditions in which basically the same results should be obtained. Methods of testing reliability Because reliability is consistency of meas...